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Business
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Mail Order Bookeeping Basics
INTRODUCTION
This information is provided for individuals who are starting
a mail order business
and require a basic bookkeeping system. It has been written for
someone who has little or no bookkeeping background. No income
tax or other professional advice is rendered. Such advice should
be obtained from a CPA or an Attorney.
The operation of any business requires a basic system to keep
track of income and
expenses. There are two good reasons to keep good records.
1. It is the law. The IRS, State Income Tax Division and State
Sales Tax Division
(where applicable) require you to keep complete and accurate
records.
2. Keeping good records is good business. It helps you to
understand your
business better. It will let you know at all times how your business
is doing -- how much money you are making or losing. In addition
it enables you to analyze expenses and revenues. You can see
how seasonal and other trends develop. All of this will help
you to make sound business decisions.
BUSINESS CHECKING ACCOUNT
It is best to set-up a separate business checking account
with your bank for your
business. This account should be used only for deposit of business
related income and
payment of business expenses. In this way you can a maintain
a distinction between
business and personal expenses.
STATE SALES TAX
You are required by law in most states to collect the appropriate
State Sales Tax.
This only applies for sales within your state. Out of state purchasers
are not charged a
sales tax. Only the end-user pays sales tax. If you should be
selling to a dealer he can
provide you with a sales tax exemption certificate. In this case
he is not required to pay the sales tax to you since he will
be collecting it from his customers.
STATE USE TAX
The Use tax generally applies when a company buys supplies
or equipment for its
own use from an out of state business. It does not apply when
material or merchandise are bought from an out of state company
which will be re-sold. The use tax rate is the same as the sales
tax rate. For specific information on regulations in your state
call the nearest State Sales Tax Division in your area.
ACQUISITION OF EQUIPMENT
When acquiring office machines such as typewriters, computers,
copiers, furniture,
etc. such expenditures are generally depreciated on your tax
return over a period of time.
For specific information check with a qualified tax advisor.
EXPENSES RELATED TO A HOME OPERATED BUSINESS
If a business is operated from home in many instances a portion
of rental, mortgage
or other expense may be deductible when filing your income tax.
The same may apply to utility expenses. There are specific laws
pertaining to this, and, again, you should get
professional advice.
EXPLANATION OF FORMS
We have provided you with several forms. You can use them
as they are or change
them to fit your particular needs.
1. DETAIL OF MONTHLY EXPENDITURE FORM
In the left hand column you keep track of expenditures for merchandise
and products
that you resell to your customers. The accounting term is generally
cost of goods or
product, or cost of sales. If you sell books by mail you would
record your purchases for these goods (including drop shipments)
in this column.
The right hand column should be used to record all other expenditures.
You obtain
this information from your business checking account. If you
pay for business expenses by cash keep track of these expenditures
separately and enter them into this column also. If you also
use one or more credit cards to pay for business expenses list
these expenses here too. It is best to designate a specific credit
card to be used for business expenses only. Do not intermingle
personal charges. In this case you may be able to deduct the
interest on your taxes.
2. INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FORM
Record your daily income in the left hand column. Since you
may not have income
on a daily basis in the beginning stages of your business you
can record income less
frequently, such as weekly or even monthly.
You may wish to keep a separate income journal. The purpose of
such a journal
would be to give you a more detailed breakdown on your revenue.
Set it up in any way you feel it will best suit your needs. For
example you may want to record new business separately from repeat
business. If you sell dealerships and books, for example, you
may want to record the revenue from dealerships separately from
the revenue from books, etc.
In the right column of this form you keep track of your expenditures
by category.
Again you can change the categories to suit your particular needs.
When you deduct your expenses from you receipts at the end
of the month you will
have an income or a loss figure for your business.
3. PROFIT LOSS STATEMENT FORM
Here you show your monthly revenue, expenses and profit or
loss. There are no
requirements for you to do this on a monthly basis. Especially
in the beginning stages of your new business, you may want to
generate a Profit Loss Statement on a quarterly
basis, semi-annual or even annual basis.
SUMMARY [related book]
The above information and forms will give you a basic system.
Tailor it to fit your
own situation. You may want something more elaborate or less
detailed. Or you may even put all of your business accounting
on your P.C. If you are considering to acquire a software program
to help you with your accounting I would strongly suggest you
wait until you understand your business well. Also accounting
software can be difficult to use for an individual without accounting
background. A personal money management software system will
generally be quite adequate for most small businesses.
Don't get overwhelmed by record keeping for your new business
especially if this is
something new for you. Governmental agencies do not require you
to keep your books in a particular way but do require you to
keep good records. This also means that records must be substantiated.
Again your accountant can give you detailed information on existing
requirements.
While the big task of any new business is developing sales
and acquiring customers,
good record keeping is generally found in successful business
operations. Your records provide you with accurate present and
past information that you as the owner and president of your
company must use to constantly analyze your business so you will
maximize profits.
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